Most of the industrial batteries used in China are lead-acid batteries, and lead-acid batteries adopt pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and solid-phase electrolytic reduction techniques.The shell is plastic, which may be recycled, and there is basically no secondary contamination.

   Small secondary batteries currently use more nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries. The cadmium in nickel-cadmium batteries is one of the heavy metal elements strictly controlled by environmental protection. The organic electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries, the alkali in nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries, and the heavy metals such as copper, which help make batteries, all form pollution to the environment.

   The current total domestic utilization of small secondary batteries is only a few hundred million, and most of them are small in size, and the utilization value of waste batteries is low. In addition, most of them are used for domestic waste treatment. There are capital and governance problems in recycling, and there are also certain technical problems in recycling.

   Civilian dry batteries are currently used and the largest battery product, with an annual domestic cost of 8 billion.There are two important series of zinc-manganese and alkaline zinc-manganese, as well as a small number of zinc-silver, lithium iron phosphate batteries and other varieties.Zinc-manganese batteries, alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, and zinc-silver batteries all use mercury or mercury compounds as corrosion inhibitors. Mercury and mercury compounds are highly toxic substances.When the waste battery is incinerated as domestic waste, the heavy metals such as H G, C D, PB, and Zn in the waste battery are partially discharged into the atmosphere at high temperature and become ash, resulting in secondary pollution.

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